:-) But at last ,We provide support through software's,machines,Scientist,liquid money & man power.Now CERN ask INDIA to provide more scientists for next experiments.INDIA will provide support of $10 million in one phase & $50-100 million (undecided) in another.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's biggest atom smasher commissioned
on Wednesday in Geneva, has the strong "support" of India - literally. The 88,000 tonne 27 km underground magnetic ring through which the protons race at lightning speed are propped up by 7,080 jacks supplied by the Indian Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
Along the racetrack are 1,232 liquid helium cooled magnets each weighing 32 tonnes. They must be jacked up and aligned so precisely that the speeding protons do not deviate from the tube axis as they zoom through the pipe 10,000 times a second.
The jacks designed and developed by the Centre for Advanced Technology (CAT) in Indore can do just that. India was one of the five non-European countries invited to participate in the construction of LHC, the others being Canada, Japan, Russia and the US.
Indian scientists had been collaborating with CERN for the LHC experiment since 1991 and over the years, they proved their worth so much so that all precision-made jacks on which the entire machine rests were made in India.
In a sense, the jacks, which can be adjusted to 10-20 micron level, form the very foundation of the collider. Amit Roy, director of the Inter University Accelerator Centre, said the experiments have certainly proved the calibre of the Indian scientific community which is already part of the very best in nuclear physics. Besides the jacks, nearly 2,000 corrector magnets and circuit breakers were made in India in association with CERN scientists. "Our cost was much less and the money is now being used for the visits of our scientists," Roy said. The Delhi-based IUAC is one of the four Indian institutions that has a  n accelerator installed, although it is tiny compared to the 27-km-long LHC. The other three are in Mumbai, Kolkata and Indore.
Besides contributing 100 scientists to the effort, India's involvement in the project has put the country in the big league. The development of machines gave the Indian scientists to work on technologies of the highest level, validating the country's capabilities. Work on LHC's sequel, the 33-km-long International Linear Collider, amply indicates the high value Indian scientists now command. The global design team for the electron-positron collider, which should be ready for experiment by 2016, wants full-fledged participation of India at all stages. |
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Dipoles bend the charged particle beams in a circular path through the ring and the quadropoles focus them tightly without letting them spread out. They are the principal magnets of the LHC and if any of them fails the concentrated proton beam may hit and damage the detectors.
The magnets were designed and developed by CAT and then manufactured at Kirloskar Electric Company Ltd in Bangalore and Crompton Greaves Ltd in Bhopal. The "protection system" of the accelerator also employs several items from India: 5,500 quench heater power supplies, 1,435 local protection units, 70 circuit breakers and quench detection electronics. India has also supplied LHC machine control software, 50,000-litre liquid nitrogen tanks, and facility for testing superconducting magnets at liquid helium temperature.
More important, Indi
a provided 125 man-years of skilled manpower support for magnetic tests subsystem evaluation and commissioning, according to DAE officials.
The $90 million worth hardware, software, and manpower was provided by India under a protocol signed in 1996 with CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research. Half the value of this 'in kind' contribution was treated as India's input to LHC and the other half is credited to an 'Indian Fund' which was created to cover expenses of Indian scientists visiting CERN.
Under another protocol signed in 2002, DAE has been helping CERN build software for LHC data analysis - an effort worth $10 million. The agreement has been extended till December 2010.
The success of the DAE-CERN partnership in LHC has led to a two way collaboration under which DAE has been invited to participate in CERN's upcoming projects: the Compact Linear Collider Test Facility and the Superconducting Proton Linac at CERN.
The LHC cost $4.1 billion and took 14 years to build. The
CERN experiments could reveal more about "dark matter", and possibly hidden dimensions of space and time. When the high-energy protons collide inside the LHC, data on the nuclear debris will flow through the huge computer grid to computers around the world including DAE labs in India.
India has developed and supplied a total of 7080 Precision Magnet Positioning Systems (PMPS) Jacks for supporting Cryodipole magnets of LHC, 1146 Superconducting Corrector Magnets (MCS), 616 Superconducting octupole-decapole correcting magnets (MCDO), 5500 Quench Heater Power Supplies(QHPS), 1435 Local Protection Units (LPUs) etc., for LHC. With the background of these contributions to CERN’s satisfaction, India was invited to participate in CERN’s upcoming Advanced Accelerator Projects, like, Superconducting Proton LINAC, SPL and Compact Linear Collider Test Facility, CTF 3
Details of Indian Contributions
1 50000 litres Liquid Nitrogen tanks.
2 Superconducting corrector magnets
i) Sextpole (MCS)
ii) Decapole and Octupole (MCDO)
3 Precision Magnet Positioning System (PMPS) Jacks
4 Quench Heater Protection Systems (QHPS)
5 Integration of QHPS units into racks
6 Control electronics for circuit breakers of energy extraction system
7 Local protection units (LPU)
8 SC Dipole magnet tests/measurements,expert support in Man years
9 LHC Hardware Commissioning of Cryogenics, Power converters, Protection systems, Controls. Man years
10 Data management software upgrade, Data analysis software/documentation projects
11 Development of JMT-II software
12 Software development-slow control of Industrial Systems of LHC
13 Design and calculations for Vacuum system for beam dump line
14 Analysis of cryo-line jumper and magnet connections
further reading -
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252004/441.pdf
Emblem OF INDIA (words-Truth Alone Triumphs).
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